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   This graph represents to alternatives for assessing the degree to which districts are performing optimally in preparing students for the Ohio Proficiency Tests. The proposal will be discussed at length in class and reasons given for how and why these alternatives are vastly more valid representations of district performance than that used on the Ohio School Report Cards.
    The two Baseline Performance lines are calculated from what the Presage Factor tells us about the nature of the students enrolled in any given district. They recognize the forces and factors affecting standardized test performance that is entirely beyond the control or remediation of traditional classroom learning activities... something requisite to fairness and justice in both testing and educator accountability.